COMMON ANTIDOTES

ANTIDOTES

• Acetaminophen: Mucomyst (acetylcysteine)
• Anticholinesterase: atropine or pralidoxime
• Anticholinergics: physostigmine
• Antifreeze: fomepizole, ethanol
• Benzodiazepines: Romazicon (flumazenil)
• Beta-Blocking Agents: Glucagon, epinephrine
• Ca Channel Blockers: calcium chloride, glucagon
• Carbon Monoxide (CO): hyperbaric, oxygen
• Coumadin: phytonadione or vitamin K
• Cyanide: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, or sodium thiosulfate
• Cyclophosphamide: mesna
• Digoxin: Digibind or Digoxin Immune Fab
• Dopamine: Rigitine
• EPS: "ABC" -- Artane (trihexyphenidyl), Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Cogentin (benztropine)
• Ethylene Glycol: fomepizole
• Fluorouracil: leucovorin calcium
• Heroin: Narcan (naloxone) or nalmefene
• Heparin: protamine sulfate
• Insulin Reaction: IV glucose (D50)
• Iron (Fe): deferoxamine
• Lead: edetate calcium disodium, dimercaprol, or succimer
• Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): dantrolene
• Methanol: ethanol
• Methotrexate: leucovorin calcium
• Narcotics: Narcan (naloxone) or nalmefene
• Opioid Analgesics: Narcan (naloxone) or nalmefene
• Organophosphate (OPP): atropine, pralidoxime
• Potassium (K): Insulin and glucose, sodium bicarbonate, albuterol inhaler, or Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)
• TCA (tricyclic antidepressants): physostigmine or sodium bicarbonate
• Warfarin: phytonadione or vitamin K

COMMON POSITIONS

POSITIONING

• Asthma - orthopneic
• Autonomic Dysreflexia - high Fowler’s
• Post Bronchoscopy - flat on bed w/ head hyperextended
• Cardiac Catheterization - keep site extended
• Cast - elevate affected extremity
• Cataract - affected side up
• Cerebral Aneurysm - high Fowler’s
• Cleft Lip - supine
• Cleft Palate - prone
• Congestive Heart Failure - high Fowler’s
• Craniotomy
• Supratentorial - semi-Fowler’s
• Infratentorial - flat on bed w/ affected side up
• Dumping Syndrome - flat on bed or LEFT side-lying
• Epistaxis - lean forward
• Hemorrhoidectomy - lie on UNAFFECTED side
• Hiatal Hernia - upright
• Hip Surgery - legs abducted & externally rotated
• Increased ICP - high Fowler’s
• Laminectomy - back as straight as possible; log roll to move; sand bag on sides
• Liver Biopsy - RIGHT side lying with towel on side
• Lobectomy - lie on UNAFFECTED side
• Lumbar Puncture
• During - “shrimp” position
• After - flat on bed
• Mastectomy - elevate affected extremity
• Myelogram
• Water-Based Dye - semi-Fowler’s
• Oil-based Dye - flat on bed
• Air Dye - Trendelenburg
• Paracentesis - flat on bed or sitting
• Pelvic Exam - lithotomy
• Post Peritonitis - high Fowler’s
• Pneumonectomy - lie on AFFECTED side
• Postural Drainage - AFFECTED side up
• Pulmonary Edema - upright
• Pyloric Stenosis - RIGHT side-lying after meals
• Radium Implant - flat on bed
• Rectal Exam - knee-chest, Sims’, or dorsal recumbent
• Renal Failure - high biologic value proteins
• Retinal Detachment - affected side down
• Seizure - side-lying
• Shock - modified Trendelenburg
• Thyroidectomy - semi-Fowler’s
• Thrombophlebitis - elevate affected extremity
• Thoracentesis
• During - sitting on the side of the bed and leaning over the table
• After - affected side up

COMMON DIETS

DIETS

• Addison’s - ↑Na, ↓K
• Anemia, Pernicious - ↑Vitamin B12
• Anemia, Sickle Cell - ↑fluids
• ADHD and Bipolar - ↑calories, finger food
• Burns - ↑protein, ↑calories, ↑Vitamin C
• Celiac Disease - Gluten Free (NO BROW - barley, rye, oat, wheat)
• Cholecystitis - ↓fat
• Cirrhosis - ↑carbohydrates, ↓protein, ↓fat
• Constipation - ↑fiber
• COPD - ↓carbohydrates
• Cystic Fibrosis - ↑fluids
• Decubitus Ulcers - ↑protein, ↑Vitamin C
• Diarrhea - ↓fiber
• Dumping Syndrome - ↑protein, ↑fat, ↓carbohydrates, fluids between meals
• Gout - ↓purine
• Hepatitis - ↑carbohydrates, ↑protein, ↓fat
• Hypertension - ↓fat, ↓cholesterol
• Meniere’s Disease - ↓Na
• Hyperthyroidism - ↑calories
• Hypothyroidism - ↓calories
• Hyperparathyroidism - ↑phosphorus, ↓Ca
• Hypoparathyroidism - ↑Ca, ↓phosphorus, ↑Vitamin D
• Osteoporosis - ↑Ca, ↑Vitamin D
• Phenylketonuria - Phenylalanine Free
• Pneumonia - ↑calories
• Pregnancy - ↑calories, ↑iron, ↑folic acid
• Pregnancy Induced Hypertension - ↑protein, ↓Na
• Ulcerative Colitis - ↑protein