ECG ABNORMALITIES

	P WAVE	PR INTERVAL	QRS WAVE	QT INTERVAL	ST SEGMENT	T WAVE	U WAVE
HYPOKALEMIA		prolonged PR			depressed ST	flat or inverted T	prominent U
HYPERKALEMIA	absent P	prolonged PR	wide QRS	prolonged QT	depressed ST	tall T
HYPOCALCEMIA				prolonged QT	lengthened ST
HYPERCALCEMIA				shortened QT
HYPOMAGNESEMIA		prolonged PR		prolonged QT	depressed ST	flat or inverted T
HYPERMAGNESEMIA		prolonged PR	wide QRS
CLASSICAL MI			pathologic Q (zone of infarction)		elevated ST (zone of injury)	inverted T (zone of ischemia)
ANGINA PECTORIS					depressed ST	peaked or flat or inverted T
PERICARDITIS					elevated ST	peaked T

COMMON CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS

 

DRUG	CLASS	TARGET	ORGAN TOXICITY	OTHER SIDE EFFECTS	INTERVENTIONS
CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC
methotrexate	ANTIMETABOLITE	folic acid, pyrimidine, purine	hepatotoxic nephrotoxic	photosensitivity acute tumor lysis syndrome	administer leucovorin to stop cell lysis administer allopurinol for uric acid from cell lysis
fluorouracil			cardiotoxic
vincristine	VINCA ALKALOID	M phase	neurotoxic	peripheral neuropathy (esp. foot drop) hyponatremia constipation	increase fluid intake adequate sodium diet prevent foot drop
paclitaxel	TAXANE	M phase	none	anaphylaxis	skin test premedicate with steroids, antihistamines, H2 blockers
irinotecan AND topotecan	TOPOISOMERASE I INHIBITOR	S phase	none	severe diarrhea	administer loperamide OR atropine for severe diarrhea
etoposide	TOPOISOMERASE II INHIBITOR		none	hypotension	monitor BP closely
NON-CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC
cyclophosphamide	ALKYLATING AGENTS	DNA structure	nephrotoxic	hemorrhagic cystitis sterility	administer early in the morning increase oral fluid intake assess urine for blood void frequently especially before bed
cisplatin			nephrotoxic ototoxic	highly emetogenic peripheral neuropathy Mg & K imbalances	administer 5-HT3 antagonists for emesis monitor I/O, creatinine, and BUN increase oral fluid intake administer mannitol
doxorubicin	ANTIBIOTICS		cardiotoxic	red-colored urine HepB reactivation	monitor ECG and echocardiograms
bleomycin			pulmotoxic	anaphylaxis	skin test assess lung sounds from time to time
tamoxifen	ANTIESTROGEN	estrogen receptors	hepatotoxic	deep vein thrombosis decreased libido steatorrhea	monitor liver enzymes decreased fat intake
asparaginase	OTHERS	amino acid asparagine	pancreatitis	anaphylaxis	skin test
hydroxyurea		DNA and RNA structure	hepatotoxic nephrotoxic	acute myeloid leukemia	monitor I/O, creatinine, and BUN, liver enzymes

COMMON TUMOR MARKERS
alpha fetoprotein (AFP) - liver cancer bladder tumor antigen (BTA) - bladder cancer CA 15-3 - breast cancer CA 125 - ovarian cancer calcitonin - thyroid cancer	carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) - colon cancer estrogen/progesterone receptors - breast cancer human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) - choriocarcinoma prostate specific antigen - prostate cancer

NORMAL VALUES

LAB / DIAGNOSTIC TEST	NORMAL VALUE
ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES
pH	7.35-7.45
HCO3	22-26 mmol/L
PCO2	35-45 mmHg
PO2	75-100 mmHg
SO2 / O2SAT	96-100%
BLOOD CHEMISTRY
Albumin	3.5-5.0 g/dL
Glucose	80-120 mg/dL
SERUM ELECTROLYTES
K	3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Na	135-145 mEq/L
Ca	8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Mg	1.5-2.0 mEq/L
Cl	100-106 mEq/L
HEMATOLOGY
RBC	M	4.6-6.2 M/cu mm
	F	4.2-5.9 M/cu mm
RBC Lifespan	80-120 days
Hematocrit	M	45-52%
	F	37-48%
Hemoglobin	M	13-18 g/dL
	F	1-16 g/dL
WBC	4,000-10,000/cu mm
Platelet	150,000-300,000/cu mm
COAGULATION TESTS
PT ***warfarin***	10-12 sec
APTT ***heparin***	21-35 sec
Bleeding Time	3-7 min
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
SGOT / AST	M	15-40 U/L
	F	13-35 U/L
SGPT / ALT	M	10-40 U/L
	F	7-35 U/L
Total Bilirubin	0.3-1.2 mg/dL
KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS
Urine Output	30-60 cc/hr
BUN	6-23 mg/Dl
Creatinine	15-25 mg/kg of body weight/day
Uric Acid	M	4.0-9.0 mg/dL
	F	3.0-6.5 mg/dL
METABOLIC WASTES
Ammonia	12-55 μmol/L
Lactic Acid	0.6-1.8 mEq/L
Uric Acid	3.0-7.0 mg/dL
LIPID PANEL
Total Cholesterol	< 200 mg/dL
HDL	30-75 mg/dL
LDL	< 130 mg/dL
Triglycerides	40-150 mg/dL
CARDIAC MARKERS
CPK-MB	0-5 ng/mL
Troponin I	0-0.1 ng/mL
HEMODYNAMICS
Mean Arterial Pressure	70-90 mmHg
Pulse Pressure	30-40 mmHg
Cardiac Output	4-8 L/min
Central Venous Pressure	2-6 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure	10-15 mmHg
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure	4-12 mmHg
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
SA Node Firing Rate	60-100 bpm
AV Node Firing Rate	40-60 bpm
THERAPEUTIC VALUES
Digoxin	0.5-2.0 μg/L
Lithium	0.6-1.2 mEq/L
Phenytoin	10-20 μg/mL
DISEASE MARKERS
CA 125 ***cancer***	< 35 U/mL
AFP ***hepatocarcinoma***	200-400 mg/dL
VMA (Vanillylmandelic Acid) ***pheochromocytoma***	1.4-6.5mg/24hr
Prostate Specific Antigen ***prostate cancer***	<4 ng/mL
ESR ***inflammation***	0-15 mm/hr
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ***inflammation***	0-4.9 mg/L
Rheumatoid Factor ***rheumatoid arthritis***	0-20 IU/mL
Blood Alcohol Level	<0.03
PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
L:S Ratio	2:1
BLOOD LOSS
NSVD	500cc
CS	1000cc
Monthly Menses	¼ cup or 30-50 cc
MUCOSAL PH
Vagina	4.5-5.5
Stomach	< 4.0
OPTOMETRY
IOP	10-21 mmHg
Normal Vision	20/20
Legally Blind	200/20
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
ICP	4-10 mmHg
CSF Amount	150 mL
CSF Pressure	75-150 mmH2O
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
CRT	2-3 sec
Bowel Sounds	5-35 per minute
Rinne Test	AC > BC
Webber Test	BC > AC
# of Permanent Teeth	32
# of Ribs	12 pairs
# of Vertebrae	Cervical		8
	Thoracic		12
	Lumbar		5
	Sacral		5
	Coccyx		1
# of Bones	Child		260
	Adult		206
# of Muscles	620
REPRODUCTIVE
Ejaculation Volume	3-5 mL
Sperm Count	20-200 M/mL
SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS
Tourniquet	<20 petechiae / sq inch
Mantoux	<10mm in 48-72 hrs
Sweat Chloride	<60 mEq/L
LABOR & DELIVERY
Lochia	Rubra		1-3 days
	Serosa		4-7 days
	Alba		8-10 days
Term Labor	37-42 weeks
Age of Viability	20 weeks
Amniotic Fluid	800-1,200 mL
Cervical Dilation	Latent		0-3 cm
	Active		4-7 cm
	Transition		8-10 cm
Head Circumference	34-35 cm
Chest Circumference	32-33 cm
Length	46-54 cm
Weight	2.5-3.4 kg
MIXTURES
ORESOL	1L H2O: 1tsp salt : 8 tsp sugar
Benedict’s Test	5mL Benedict’s + 8-10 drops urine
Saline Solution	1 L H2O + 2 tsp salt
Paraffin Wax	7:1 (wax : mineral oil)
PREGNANCY WEIGHT GAIN
1st Trimester	1 lb/mo
2nd Trimester	1 lb/wk
3rd Trimester	1 lb/wk
STAFFING
AM Shift	45%
PM Shift	37%
Night Shift	18%
RESEARCH
Null Hypothesis Alpha	0.05

SPECIMEN	AMOUNT TO COLLECT
Sputum	15-30 mL
Semen	3-5 mL
Stool	Formed	1 inch
	Liquid	15 mL
Urine	Clean	15-30 mL
	Sterile	5 mL
Centesis	3-5 mL

AGE GROUP	NORMAL RANGE
PULSE RATE
Newborn	100-170 bpm
1 yr	80-170 bpm
3 yr	80-130 bpm
6 yr	75-120 bpm
Adult	60-100 bpm
RESPIRATORY RATE
Newborn	30-50 bpm
1 yr	20-40 bpm
3 yr	20-30 bpm
6 yr	16-22 bpm
Adult	12-20 bpm
BLOOD PRESSURE
Newborn	65-95/30-60
1 yr	65-115/40-80
3 yr	75-120/45-85
6 yr	85-115/50-65
Adult	90-120/60-80

SOURCES: 
Davis' Comprehensive Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests
Maternal and Child Health Nursing by A. Pilliteri
Mosby's PDQ for Nursing
and other various source...